We offer various test methods for the mechanical characterization of bone staples in accordance with ASTM F564. Together with you, we select the appropriate test procedures for your bone staples from the following range:

• Static bending test
  A bone staple is clamped in the test fixture and loaded in a four-point bending test at a constant speed of 25.4 mm/min. A force–displacement curve is recorded, and bending stiffness and bending strength are determined.
• Dynamic bending test
  Two different dynamic bending tests are offered: a four-point bending test and a combined tensile or compressive and bending load test. In both cases, the bone staples are firmly clamped in the test fixture and cyclically loaded (50% or 75% of the static bending strength). The test ends when the bone staples fracture or when a defined number of cycles has been reached. The test is performed in liquid at 37 °C.
• Pull-out test (staple/bone)
  A bone staple is inserted into bone (or an analogous test material) and subsequently removed at a constant speed. A force–displacement curve is recorded, in which a significant drop in force indicates the pull-out force. Upon request, this test can also be performed in liquid to better simulate physiological conditions.
• Holding strength in soft tissue
  A bone staple (or multiple staples) is used to create a connection between soft tissue and bone (physiological or analogous materials). Subsequently, a tensile load is applied to the soft tissue at a constant speed, perpendicular to the bone staple, while a force–displacement curve is recorded. The test ends when the bone staple is released or one of the materials fails. Upon request, this test can also be performed in liquid to better simulate physiological conditions.